Annealing or malleableizing oven.



PATENTED FEB. 27, 1906. W. LfCASADAY & A. BERGMAN. ANNEALING 0R MALLEABLEIZING OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 23 190 PATENTBD FEB. 27, 1906. MAN.

W. L. UASADAY & A. BERG ANNEALING 0R MALLEABLEIZI NG OVEN.

APPLIGATION FILED JUNE 23, 19

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Wfinesses UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIOE.

WILLIAM L. OASADAY AND AUGUST BERGMAN, OF SOUTH BEND, INDIANA.

ANNEALING OR IVIALLEABLEIZING OVEN.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 27, 1906.

Application filed June 28, 1904:. Serial No. 213,760.

To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that we, WILLIAM L. OAsA- DAY and AUGUST BERGMAN, citizens of the United States, and residents of the city of South Bend, in the county of St. Joseph and State of Indiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Annealing or Malleableizing Ovens; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to annealing or malleableizing ovens, and more particularly to improvements in ovens for malleableizing metal castings, though obviously it is equally adaptable for use in the process of cementation which packing having different properties is used; but to avoid confusion it will be described with reference to malleableizing only.

Heretofore it has been usual to pack metal to be malleableized with an oxid or other material capable of aiding in malleableizing in pots or saggars and to subject the same to continuous heat for the necessary period of time. Such saggars, pots, or other receptacles when used occupy much space and it is diflicult to satisfactorily treat large castings owing to the large size required for the pots.

The object of our invention is to provide an oven in which the castings, large and small, are packed with any usual packing material without pots or saggars, thus enabling much larger quantities and any sizes to be treated in an oven than has heretofore been possible.

It is also an object of the invention to provide an oven construction insuring uniform application of heat to all the castings therein.

The invention embraces many novel features, and consists in the matters hereinafter described, and more fully pointed out and defined in the appended claims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a fragmentary perspective view of a furnace or oven embodying our invention, showing the material packed therein. Fig. 2 is a section taken on line 2 2 of Fig. 7. Fig. 3 is a section taken on line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a section taken on line 4 4 of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a section taken on line 5 5 of Fig. 7. Fig. 6 is a section taken on line 6 6 of Fig. 7. Fig. 7 is a section taken on line 7 7 of Fig. 2.

As shown in said drawings, the invention is shown as applied to a side-firing oven comprising, as shown, side walls A and A and end walls a and a, over which extend the closed arched roof A Within the furnace and connecting the end walls of the same and extending upwardly to near the arched roof is a partition or fire-wall A parallel with and adjacent to the side wall A and affording a combustion-chamber open at each end and provided with continuous grates B, which are supported at approximately the level of the ground and the floor of the oven and below which is the usual ashpit and above which is the fire-box. Corresponding transverse fire-walls a and a are provided closely adjacent the end walls and of a height, as shown, slightly less than the height of the bridge or fire wall A. Downdraft-flues a are provided in the side wall A, communicating with the oven at points approximately the height of said bridge-wall A and extending downwardly and commuiiieating at their lower ends with horizontal tra isverse flues (L as shown in Figs. 1, 4, 5, and 7, which extend beneath the floor and at their end adjacent the bridge-wall A open into a longitudinally-extending flue a", which near the ends of the oven opens downwardly into a flue a, extending beyond the end a. of the furnace and communicating with the stack A I The bridge wall a is distanced from the end wall a sufficiently to afford a down-flue for approximately the whole width of the oven, and opening through said bridge-wall a and communicating with said flue between the same and the end walla are horizontal longitudinal flues, as shown, four in number, (indicated by O, O, C and G which, as shown, are arranged in pairs one above the other and are formed of brick, tile, or other suitable material built in place as the oven is filled with the castings and packing material through which the flues extend, which afiords a support for the flues C C. The lowermost of said flues O and C as shown, are built upon the floor of the oven. The ends of said flues adjacent the stack open through the bridge and end walls a and a and communicate in downwardly-directed flues c c, which at their lower end communicate with flues c and leading into the stack. Between the pairs of longitudinal flues O, C, C and C and on each side of each pair of flues a downwardly-directed flue is the flues leading to the stack, though ordi- Fig. 6.

narily this is not necessary and is not shown.

In the end wall a in alinement with flues O, C, C and C holes are provided for the purpose of inspecting the flues and determining the temperature and condition of the oven, Said apertures are ordinarily closed by a brick c inserted therein and which may be readily removed when desired.

Dampers are provided to control the draft of each of the longitudinal flues leading to the stack. As shown, the flue a is provided with a slidedamper D, seated in a downwardly-extending aperture at the end of the oven, and dampers D and D provided with counterweights d and (1 supported over suitable sheaves, are slidably engaged to close the flues C and C at the outer side of the end wall, and horizontally-sliding dampers D and D are slidably engaged to control the draft of the flues C and 0 Any suitable doors may be employed to control the draft in the furnace. These, however, are omitted to avoid complicating the drawings.

The operation is as follows: The oven and furnace constructed as described is opened by partly tearing down one of the side walls as, for instance, the side wall A-packing the castings to be treated therein with suitable materialsuch as iron-scale, iron oxid, or fine carbonaceous n1atterand as the material is packed in place, the fiues C and C are built thereon, extending through the contents of the oven longitudinally of the same, as before described. When the oven is filled to the desired extent, it is closed by rebuilding the side or end wall, and the oven is ready for firing. Such ovens ordinarily are fired for their entire length upon the continuous grate-surface and from both ends of the same. Hot air from the furnace passes upwardly over the bridge-wall A and a part passes downwardly through the lateral flues a in the other side the oven beneath the floor through the flues a and a, to the stack. The amount of draft passing therethrough can of course be regulated as desired by the damper D. The remaining hot air from the furnace passes over the end bridge-walls a and of, that of the end wall a passing downwardly and then upwardly, as shown by the arrows in No communication exists between the lower ends of said flues and the stack. Such communication may of course be provided if desired. The air passing over the bridge-wall a is drawn downwardly and through the flues C, 0, C and C and through the casting and packing material packed upon and around the same and thoroughly heating the center and all parts of the. mass of castings and packing material. This is accomplished much more uniformly than when pots or saggars are used, inasmuch as the sides, the ends, and the floor of that partof the oven containing the castings as well as the longitudinal fines are all heated by a. positive draft of hot air. By means of the view-apertures in alinement with said longitudinal flues O, C, C and C the relative amount of heat received in each of said longitudinal fines, the progress of the work, and the condition of the oven can be readily determined by inspection and uniformity secured by means of the adjustment of said dampers by inspection, thus insuring a uniformity in heating the material not to be attained by differently-constructed ovens and the use of pots or saggars.

While we have described ourinvention for purpose of clearness as used in the process of malleableizing castings, we d onot desire to be limited to its use in that art alone, as it obviously is equally adaptable in connection and for many other purposes.

If preferred, many details of construction and arrangement may be varied Without departing from the principle of our invention.

We claim as our invention 1. In a casting-treating oven in which the castings to be treated are packed without pots, a fire-grate, a bridge-wall separating the grate from the oven, a plurality of flues extending longitudinally of the even, a plurality of transverse flues beneath the oven and a plurality of flues leading upwardly therefrom in the side wall and opening into the upper portion of the oven.

2. A malleableizing and annealing oven comprising in combination, side and end walls, a closed roof, a furnace adjacent the oven, a bridge-wall separating the furnace from the oven, laterally-disposed down-flues opposite the bridge-wall, horizontal transverse flues below the floor and communicating with said down-flues, a longitudinal flue positioned adjacent the bridge-wall and communicating with the stack and into which the transverse flues open near each end of the oven, a bridge-wall at each end of said oven, flues built upon the floor of the oven and opening through said bridge-walls and communicating at one end with the stack and longitudinal fiues communicating at their ends through said bridge-walls and opening into the stack and adapted to be supported upon and bedded in the material to be treated and a damper in each of said flues leading to the stack adapted to regulate the draft therethrough, said end walls having normally closed apertures in alinement with the flues affording means for inspection.

3. A malleableizing and annealing oven comprising in combination, side and end walls, a furnace therein, a bridge-wall separating the furnace from the oven, laterallydisposed down flues opposite the bridgewalls, horizontal transverse flues communicating therein beneath the floor, a longitudinal flue positioned adjacent the bridge-wall and communicating with the transverse flues and opening from each and into the stack, a bridge-wall at each end of said oven, flues built upon the floor of the oven and opening through said bridge-walls and communicating at one end with the stack, and longitudinalflues communicating at their ends through said bridge-walls and opening into the stack and adapted to be supported upon and to be embedded in the material to be treated and a damper controlling each of said flues leading to the stack, the walls having normally closed view-apertures in alinement with each of said longitudinal flues adapted to permit inspection.

4. In an oven for treating castings, a firebox, an inclosed oven in which the castings to be treated are packed, a bridge-wall between the flre-box and said oven adapted to direct heat over said castings, a plurality of flues opening into the side wall from the top of the oven and leading downwardly therethrough, lateral flues beneath the oven connecting therewith, longitudinal flues embedded in the packing material, a stack and flues leading from the oven to said stack.

5. In an annealing-furnace, a fire-box at one side thereof, an oven, a plurality of vertical flues at one side of the oven, a plurality of horizontal flues beneath the oven in communication with said vertical flues, a common longitudinally-disposed flue beneath the oven in communication with each of the said horizontal flues, a plurality of vertical flues at the ends of the oven, and a plurality of auxiliary flues in communication at each end with the vertical flues at the ends of the oven, substantially as specified.

6. In an annealing-furnace the combination with an oven, of a fire-box at one side thereof, a plurality of vertical flues at the opposite side of the oven, means extending beneath the oven and connected with said flues adapted to carry off the products of combustion, vertical flues at the ends of the oven, a chamber above the oven communicating with the vertical flue at the front end of the oven and a plurality of flues extending longitudinally through the oven and communicating with said front and rear vertical flues.

In testimony whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names in the presence of two I subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM L. CASADAY. AUGUST BERGMAN. Witnesses:

O. D. MYERS, ADoLPH S. GINz. 

